Cryolite

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, Greenland, summer 1940Cryolite (Na3AlF6, sodium hexafluoroaluminate) is an uncommon mineral of very limited natural distribution. It is mostly identified with the once large deposit at Ivittuut on the west coast of Greenland, which ran out in 1987.

It was historically used as an ore of aluminium and later in the electrolytic processing of the aluminium rich oxide ore, bauxite, which is a combination of aluminium oxide minerals such as gibbsite, boehmite and diaspore. The difficulty of removing aluminium from oxygen in the oxide ores was overcome by the use of cryolite as a flux (metallurgy)#Smelting in order to extract the aluminium metal. The difficulty in the extraction of aluminium was in the high melting point of alumina (above 2000°C). Cryolite lowers the melting point to approximately 900°C to conserve energy. Now, as natural cryolite is too rare to be used for this purpose, synthetic sodium aluminium fluoride is produced from fluorite for this purpose.

Cryolite occurs as glassy, colorless, white, reddish to grey-black prismatic monoclinic crystals. It has a Mohs hardness of 2.5 to 3 and a specific gravity of 2.95 to 3. It is translucent to transparent with very low Refractive index of a=1.3385–1.339, b=1.3389–1.339, g=1.3396–1.34. These RI values are very close to that of water and thus if immersed in water, cryolite becomes essentially invisible.

In addition to the Greenland occurrence, cryolite has been reported from Pikes Peak in Colorado, U.S.A.; Mont Saint-Hilaire, Quebec, Canada; and at Miass, Russia. It is also known from Brazil, Czech Republic, Namibia, Norway, Ukraine, and several U.S. states.

Cryolite was first described in 1799 for an occurrence in Ivigtut and Arksukfiord, West Greenland. The name is derived from the Greek language cryò = chill and lithòs = stone.

References

Hurlbut, Cornelius S.; Klein, Cornelis, 1985, Manual of Mineralogy, 20th ed., John Wiley and Sons, New York ISBN 0-471-80580-7
Webmineral data
Mindat with location data
Mineral galleries
Greek-English-Greek dictionary

Hurlbut, Cornelius S.; Klein, Cornelis, 1985, Manual of Mineralogy, 20th ed., John Wiley and Sons, New York ISBN 0-471-80580-7
Webmineral data
Mindat with location data
Mineral galleries
Greek-English-Greek dictionary

Cryolite - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Cryolite (Na 3 AlF 6, sodium hexafluoroaluminate) is an uncommon mineral of very limited natural distribution. It is mostly identified with the once large deposit at Ivigtût on ...

cryolite definition of cryolite in the Free Online Encyclopedia.
cryolite or kryolite (both: krī`əlīt') [Gr.,=frost stone], mineral usually pure white or colorless but sometimes tinted in shades of pink, brown, or even black and having a ...

cryolite - Hutchinson encyclopedia article about cryolite
In the extraction of aluminium from the ore bauxite (impure aluminium oxide), the alumina (pure aluminium oxide) has to be molten for electrolysis to take place.

GCSE SCIENCE CHEMISTRY HIGH SCHOOL - Extraction of Aluminum - Bauxite ...
it was found that alumina dissolved in cryolite. Cryolite is sodium aluminium fluoride - Na 3 Al F 6. A solution of alumina in cryolite melts at about 900 °C

Cryolite (15096-52-3). Index from Fluoride Action Network Pesticide ...
Cryolite (Aluminum sodium fluoride) Molecular formula: Al-F6.3Na CAS No. 15096-52-3 Structure: Aluminate(3-), hexafluoro-, trisodium, (OC-6-11)-

Cryolite Mineral Data
General Cryolite Information: Chemical Formula: Na3AlF6 : Composition: Molecular Weight = 209.94 gm Sodium 32.85 % Na 44.28 % Na 2 O

cryolite - definition of cryolite by the Free Online Dictionary ...
cry·o·lite (kr-l t) n. An uncommon, white, vitreous natural fluoride of aluminum and sodium, Na 3 AlF 6, nearly invisible in water in powdered form and used chiefly in the ...

Synthetic Cryolite
Industrial Casting. Hoben International manufactures a comprehensive range of investment powders for casting industrial components by the lost wax process. Industrial Casting.

CRYOLITE (Sodium Aluminum Fluoride)
THE MINERAL CRYOLITE. Chemistry: Na 3 AlF 6, Sodium Aluminum Fluoride Class: Halides; Uses: as a aid to aluminum processing and other industrial uses and as mineral specimens ...

cryolite - definition of cryolite in the Medical dictionary - by the ...
sodium aluminum fluoride [NaAlF]), cryolite (krī´ōlīt), n a fluoride often used as a flux in the manufacture of silicate cements. cryolite. a naturally occurring mineral ...